Arduino Uno R3 with USB Cable

Arduino Uno R3

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Overview of Arduino Uno R3

Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on an 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along with ATmega328P, it consists of other components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a USB connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

How to use Arduino Uno R3 Board

The 14 digital input/output pins can be used as input or output pins by using pinMode(), digitalRead() and digitalWrite() functions in Arduino programming. Each pin operates at 5V and can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an internal pull-up resistor of 20-50 KOhms which are disconnected by default. Out of these 14 pins, some pins have specific functions as listed below:

• Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx):Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.
• External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3:These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
• PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9, and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using the analogWrite() function.
• SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), and 13 (SCK):These pins are used for SPI communication.
• In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with a built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH the LED is on, and when pin 13 is LOW, it’s off.

Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog input pins, each of which provides 10 bits of resolution, i.e. 1024 different values. They measure from 0 to 5 volts but this limit can be increased by using the AREF pin with analog Reference() function.

• Analog pin 4 (SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) alsoused for TWI communication using Wire library.

Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:

• AREF:Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analogReference() function.
• Reset Pin:Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.

Communication

Arduino can be used to communicate with a computer, another Arduino board, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328P microcontroller provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication which can be done using digital pin 0 (Rx) and digital pin 1 (Tx). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The ATmega16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. There are two RX and TX LEDs on the Arduino board which will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno’s digital pins. The ATmega328P also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify the use of the I2C bus.

Arduino Uno to ATmega328 Pin Mapping

When the ATmega328 chip is used in place of Arduino Uno, or vice versa, the image below shows the pin mapping between the two.

Programming Arduino

Once Arduino IDE is installed on the computer, connect the board to the computer using a USB cable. Now open the Arduino IDE and choose the correct board by selecting Tools>Boards>Arduino/Genuino Uno, and choose the correct Port by selecting Tools>Port. Arduino Uno is programmed using Arduino programming language based on Wiring. To get it started with the Arduino Uno board and blink the built-in LED, load the example code by selecting Files>Examples>Basics>Blink. Once the example code (also shown below) is loaded into your IDE, click on the upload button given on the top bar. Once the upload is finished, you should see the Arduinos built-in LED blink. Below is the example code for blinking:

Applications

• Prototyping of Electronics Products and Systems
• Multiple DIY Projects.
• Easy to use for beginner level DIYers and makers.
• Projects requiring Multiple I/O interfaces and communications.